Log in now! P-waves are the primary waves and reach the surface first. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Kobe had not had a major earthquake for more than 400 years so there was less prediction equipment there than in other areas of Japan. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. S-waves are also more commonly known as aftershocks. Earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of the earth's tectonic plates. Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. 6.8 on the USGS movement magnitude scale.). There are two types of waves S-waves and P-waves. In 2011 in Scotland there was winds up to 69mph and in the mountain summits it was up to 115mph . On Eurasian and African tectonic plate boundaries 2. The effects can be divided into primary and secondary effects. Nevertheless,…. Get Full Access Now At the end, it took somewhere around a year for things to return to normalcy in the earthquake disrupted city of Kobe. People live in Kobe after the earthquake because they believe that the impacts of future earthquakes will be reduced. The earthquake measured 7.2 magnitude and was the biggest to hit Japan for 47 years. The 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake (Mw 6.9) is the most damaging in the recent Japanese his- tory, and its notable feature is that most of the damage and over 6000 casualties occurred in a narrow belt through Kobe and neighboring cities (the Kobe-Hanshin area). Kobe is located in the south east of Japan, near a destructive plate margin. Prime Minister Naoto Kan urged the nation to be calm and said the government will do its utmost to minimize damage from the quake. ?? ...read more. Environmental Earthquake effects include waste and air pollution and landfill disposal. About 20 million tons of waste was emitted. The Meriken waterfront was built in 1868. Whole buildings, apartment blocks and an elevated highway collapsed killing at least 200 people and injuring some 13,000. In surrey there was 290mm of snow and 320mm in Hampshire . The Kobe earthquake, which shook the island nation of Japan on 17th January, 1995, is considered to be the second most disastrous earthquake that the country witnessed in the 20th century. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. 104,906 houses were completely destroyed, and 460,000 were damaged. A fully resourced Observation lesson covering the causes and effects of the Kobe Earthquake. The earthquake that hit Kobe during the winter of 1995 measured 6.9 on the Richter scale. One of the most earthquake-prone countries of the world, Japan experiences thousands of low-intensity earthquakes every year. As mild earthquakes were common in this region, nobody was expecting an earthquake of this intensity. Search for your essay title... Why did so many people die in the Kobe Earthquake? Several expressways – including the severely damaged Hanshin Expressway, were closed as they were rendered unusable as a result of the damage caused to them. For example as two plates move towards each other, one can be pushed down under the other one into the mantle. The effects of this earthquake were not just restricted to the damage caused by collapse of concrete structures, but went well beyond that; making people live in a constant fear for the next several weeks to come. The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries. 40,000 people were seriously injured. Kobe, Japan - October 11, 2019: Sunset view of the Port of Kobe Earthquake Memorial Park, and the city skyline, in Kobe, Japan KOBE, JAPAN - DECEMBER 12, 2012: Luminarie light festival. Secondary effects included disruption of the electricity supply. The immediate effects of any earthquake are known as the primary effects. Well, we're looking for good writers who want to spread the word. Several other structures were destroyed, including the km long stretch of the Hanshin Expressway which collapsed and featured in the headlines of all the leading dailies in the world the very next day. Although further from a plate margin than most of the cities in Japan, Kobe is still found on a fault line. 15,000 buildings off limits Why: 1. Not the one? Revision notes - the Earth, causes and effects of Volcanoes and Earthquakes. b) What was the cause of the earthquake? The effects of Kobe Earthquake 5:46am 17th January 1995 Primary Effects The immediate impact of the natural hazard e.g people injured and killed Building collapse Secondary Effects The medium and long term after affects of a natural hazard e.g shortage of drinking water disease Primary or Secondary? These cookies do not store any personal information. Its effects on people who survived were more of psychological, with thousands of individuals just refusing to return home as aftershocks continued to rock the island nation for the next several days to come. Heathrow was closed and all London buses were stopped . or 79,000 people were killed. Gas mains were ruptured, water pipes fractured and elevated roads collapsed, such as the Hanshin expressway. Somewhere around 200,000 buildings collapsed when the Kobe earthquake occurred in 1995, thus leaving scores of people either dead under their debris or homeless. Also referred to as the Great Hanshin earthquake, the Kobe earthquake stands second to the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, wherein the death toll was somewhere around 140,000. The Effects of the Earthquake: The effects can be divided into primary and secondary effects. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. The earthquake was notable for exposing the vulnerability of the infrastructure. Another example of closer co-operation is the campaign that solicited signatures from individuals demanding a "Nationwide Security System for Natural Disasters." They include the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads resulting from the shaking of the crust. The campaign was carried out to support disaster victims to reconstruct their homes. Similarly, the rail lines – like the Shinkansen high-speed rail line (aka bullet train), were brought to a complete halt as a result of the damage caused to them. Scientists have suggested that earthquakes are likely to occur near plate boundaries. At this plate margin, the Pacific plate is being pushed under the Eurasian plate, stresses build up and when they are released the Earth shakes. Extensive soil liquefaction was observed during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, creating damage to port and harbour facilities in Port Kobe. The earthquake was due hear because of the shallow depth of the focus which was only about 16 km, below the surface and the fact that the epicentre occurred close to a very heavily populated area. We hope you are enjoying ScienceStruck! Most are so small that we don't even know about them, and they only get recorded by the related professional agencies. Out of the 80%, 70% was concrete and mortar and the rest was steel frames and aluminium sashes. Kobe earthquake On January 17th, 1995, Japan was woken at 5:46am by its largest ever recorded earthquake. Over 300,000 were left homeless. Portions of the Hanshin Expressway linking Kōbe and Ōsaka also collapsed or were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Objective: To examine the effects of the Kobe, Japan, earthquake, a life-threatening event, on stress and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Learn more. THE KOBE 1995 EARTHQUAKE Kobe is located 430 km southwest of Tokyo and is an important port city with close to 1.5 million people Kobe (Great Hansin) EQ: hit the Hansin region of Western Japan that includes the city of Kobe on the 17th of January 1995 at 5:46am The earthquake lasted about 20 seconds with a strength of 7.2 on the Why did so many people die in the Kobe earthquake? The earthquake that hit Kobe during the winter of 1995 measured a massive 7.2 on the Richter scale (or 6.9 on the more current Moment magnitude scale). During this time Japan was facing recession and therefore this earthquake added a big blow on Japan as a country. It is a megacity and has one of the largest container ports in the World. 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